Fibrillar β‐amyloid 1‐42 alters cytokine secretion, cholinergic signalling and neuronal differentiation

Fibrillar β-amyloid 1-42 alters cytokine secretion, cholinergic signalling and neuronal differentiation

Adult neurogenesis is impaired by inflammatory processes, which are linked to altered cholinergic signalling and cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we investigated how amyloid beta (Aβ)-evoked inflammatory responses affect the generation of new neurons from human embryonic stem (hES) cells and the role of cholinergic signalling in regulating this process. The hES were cult...

Purification and partial characterization of a cholinergic neuronal differentiation factor.

The choice of transmitter made by postmitotic rat sympathetic neurons in cell culture can be controlled by the environment in which they develop. One of the differentiation signals is a protein secreted by heart cells that can induce previously noradrenergic neurons to synthesize acetylcholine and form cholinergic synapses. This change in phenotype occurs without alteration in neuronal survival...

Cytokine-Mediated Inhibition of Fibrillar

Signalling molecules essential for neuronal survival and differentiation.

Motoneurons are made in excess throughout development. Initial analysis of the mechanisms that lead to apoptotic cell death during later stages of development and the early postnatal period led to the discovery of neurotrophic factors. These factors comprise different families acting through different tyrosine kinase receptors. Intracellular signalling cascades that lead to the survival of neur...

Fibrillar Differentiation in Myxomycete Plasmodia

Myxomycete plasmodia of four different types (not including Physarum polycephalum) were studied in thin sections viewed in the electron microscope. In the cytoplasm of the protoplasmodia of Clastoderma debaryanum and the phaneroplasmodia of Fuligo septica fixed in situ, fibrillar differentiations of three rather distinct kinds were observed. One of these is filamentous and closely resembles the...